2025/2026 Alpaca Owners Guide

Introductory Guide to the Alpaca Industry

FEBRUARY 13, 2026 | J.S. BRIDWELL AGRICULTURAL CENTER | WICHITA FALLS, TX

DURING THE TXOLAN SHOW EVENT WEEKEND

ACE’S LOADED AUCTION

ACE’S LOADED AUCTION

Pure Passion

Sakima

Gibraltar

ACE’S LOADED AUCTION

Hit the Jackpot with World-Class Genetics! Join us for an unforgettable auction featuring elite alpacas, championship bloodlines, and your next show-stopping winner!

PRESENTED BY ALPACA COUNTRY ESTATES HOSTED BY ALPACA COUNTRY ESTATES & TXOLAN FOR MORE DETAILS, VISIT CELEBRITYSALES.COM

T

e

o

c

x

x i

a s

e

M

O

k l

w

e

a

h

N

o

m

s

s a

a

n

L

a

o

k

r

u i

A

s i

a

a

n

WHERE CHAMPIONS ARE BRED In addition to our 35+ proven elite herdsires, our Junior Herdsire Row is stepping into the spotlight — now servicing females here at Alpaca Country Estates. Look for their cria on our 2026 show string and discover the champions of tomorrow!

Estates Ringmaster’s Crown Scepter — 5X Judge's Choice & 12X Champion! A genetic powerhouse with phenomenal phenotype, high frequency crimp, & extraordinary coverage.

CCNF Bellieveitornot — Judge's Choice & 13X Champion! An elite male whose award winning fleece speaks for itself.

Estates Giovanni’s Titanium Royale —

Judge's Choice & 24x Champion! The stunning son of not one, but two multi-champions—a living legacy of champion bloodlines.

You might just discover your next champion in this year’s auction… 2024 ACE’s Loaded Auction graduate, Estates Wind Beneath My Wings , soared in the show ring from our inaugural auction stage capturing 3× Judge’s Choice Awards, 7× Championship banners AND 2025 Dark Female Supreme Champion at the AOA National Show.

r y E

n t

s t a t

C o u

e s ,

a c a

L L C

A l p

ACE’S LOADED AUCTION

BOOK YOUR BREEDINGS NOW — WHERE TOMORROW’S CHAMPIONS BEGIN

Scan the code or visit AlpacaCountryEstates.com

Explore Our Herdsires, Champions & Breeding Opportunities

alpacacountryestates.com | alpacacountryestates@yahoo.com 541-504-4226 | Located in Terrebonne, Oregon

Regional Directory WEST PACIFIC NORTHEAST MIDDLE ATLANTIC

YUKON TERRITORY

NUNAVUT TERRITORY

NORTHWEST TERRITORY

NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR

BRITISH COLUMBIA

CANADA

California.......................70 Oregon...........................71 Washington....................72 MOUNTAIN Arizona. .........................74 Colorado........................74 Idaho. ............................75 Montana........................75 Nevada...........................75 New Mexico...................75 Utah...............................75 MIDWEST WEST NORTH CENTRAL Iowa...............................78 Kansas............................78 Minnesota......................78 Nebraska........................78 North Dakota................78 EAST NORTH CENTRAL Illinois............................80 Indiana...........................80 Michigan........................80 Ohio..............................81 Wisconsin......................82

New Jersey.....................87 New York.......................87 Pennsylvania...................88 NEW ENGLAND Connecticut...................93 Maine. ...........................93 Massachusetts.................93 Rhode Island..................93 Vermont.........................93 SOUTH SOUTH ATLANTIC Delaware........................95 Florida. ..........................95 Georgia..........................95 Maryland.......................95 North Carolina..............95 Virginia..........................96 West Virginia.................96 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Alabama.........................97 Kentucky. ......................97 Mississippi. ....................97 Tennessee.......................97 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL Oklahoma......................99 Texas..............................99

ALBERTA

MANITOBA

QUEBEC

SASKATCHEWAN

ONTARIO

NEW BRUNSWICK

WA

NOVA SCOTIA

ME

MT

ND

OR OR

VT

NEW ENGLAND

NH

MN

NY

MA

SD SD

PACIFIC

ID

NY MIDDLE ATLANTIC

WI

WY

WEST NORTH CENTRAL

RI

MI

CT

MOUNTAIN

PA PA NJ

IA

IL IN IL IN EAST NORTH CENTRAL

NE NE

NV

OH

DE MD

UT

CA

CO

WV

KS

VA

MO

KY

KY

NC

TN

AZ

OK

MS AL MS AL EAST SOUTH CENTRAL

NM

SC SOUTH ATLANTIC SC

AR

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL

GA

GA

LA

TX

AK

HI

FL FL

INTERNATIONAL CANADA Alberta.........................102 Quebec. .......................102 Saskatchewan...............102

MARKETPLACE Fiber Mill.....................104 Fiber Testing................104 Microchips...................104 Retail/Wholesale..........104 AD INDEX....109 Only states and provinces with participating farms and ranches are listed.

Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA) a Colorado-based 501(c)5 Nonprofit Corporation ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 Managing Editor | Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. How To Reach Us Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. • 3400 Plantation Dr, Ste 100 • Lincoln, NE 68516 www.AlpacaInfo.com • 402-437-8484 Advertising Advertising inquiries should be directed to Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. aog@alpacainfo.com • 402-437-8484 Editorial | Advertising Policies

Our printer meets or exceeds all federal Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) standards and is a member of the Forest Stewardship Council®.

Opinions contained in articles and advertising are those of the contributing author(s) only, and are not necessarily the views of Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA); or AOA officials, staff, employees, or agents. Publication in Alpaca Owners Guide does not constitute an endorsement of the views, products, or services contained in said articles and advertisements. AOA does not warrant the accuracy of the material contained in any article or the quality or authenticity of goods or services contained in any advertisement. AOA reserves the right to edit or reject at its discretion any advertisement submitted for publication. While AOA consistently endeavors to publish on or ahead of printed release dates, we cannot be held responsible for publishing later than those anticipated release dates. We also assume no responsibility for circumstances beyond our control, such as untimely postal delivery, equipment failure, etc.

Visit Our Website | www.alpacainfo.com

CMP#40065056

Printed in U.S.A.

©2025/2026 by Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. Material in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of Alpaca Owners Association, Inc .

presents the Alpaca Owners Guide

16

5 Welcome to the World of Alpacas 6 Alpaca Owners Association Overview 10 10 Things to Get You Started at www.Alpacainfo.com 11 AOA Regional Affiliates 12 Alpacas in North America: A Short History 16 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 22 Alpacas: A Labor of Love 26 The Environmental Friendliness of Alpacas By David E. Anderson, DVM 28 Recommended Practices in Caring for Alpacas and Llamas 36 Minimum Standards of Care for Alpacas 38 Labor Saving Farm Gadgets By Beth Roy 40 Alpaca Barns, Pens, and Pastures By Bill and Sherri Duey 44 Making the Most of Your Fiber Harvest 46 Why Alpaca Fleece Testing Matters: Build Better Herds With Trusted Fiber Data 48 Making Money with Alpaca Products By Rachel Hendrickson 54 Agritourism: Your Farm. Your Plan. By Shelly Walsh 58 An Introduction to Showing Alpacas 62 Insuring Your Alpaca: The Basics By Deb Gale 64 A Bright Future Lies Ahead for the North American Alpaca Industry 70 Regional Farm and Ranch Listings 104 Marketplace 109 Ad Index Cover photo "A gift." by Rachel Shipley of Black Barn Alpacas 2025 AOA Photo Contest Judge's Choice Winner

12

54

64

GROW STRONGER GENETICS. HEALTHIER ANIMALS. THRIVING COMMUNITY. From genetic integrity to herd health, from education to youth programs, Alpaca Owners Association gives owners the network they need to succeed. Membership strengthens the industry. That’s the magic of membership. www.AlpacaInfo.com

Photo courtesy of Peppergrass Ranch

Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA) is dedicated to promoting alpacas, alpaca products, and alpaca fleece while building greater public awareness of their value. People come to alpacas for many reasons — fiber production, breeding, selling alpaca products, agritourism, and more. No matter your motivation, these remarkable animals offer both enjoyment and the potential for lasting returns. This publication is designed to guide your first steps. Inside, you’ll explore the fascinating history of alpacas, gain an overview of the North American alpaca industry, and find answers to many of the most common questions new owners ask. You’ll also meet alpaca owners and breeders who welcome you to visit their farms and ranches to see the lifestyle firsthand. For local connections, visit the affiliates section to find a regional group near you. Affiliates often host shows and educational events, giving you the chance to meet other owners, learn best practices, and discover where you might fit into the industry. The best way to truly understand the appeal of these animals is to experience them in person. In the directory, farms and ranches are listed by region, state, and province. Everything you need to schedule a visit is right at your fingertips. Every owner you meet will bring a unique perspective on alpaca care and community. Their stories reflect the diversity of reasons people step into this lifestyle — whether to steward the land, create sustainable products, enjoy the quiet company of gentle livestock, or share the joy of alpacas with others. We invite you to take this opportunity to visit as many farms and ranches as you can. Learn, ask questions, and enjoy the experience. Reach out today and schedule your first visit — you’ll quickly see why alpacas continue to inspire owners of every background. WELCOME to the World of Alpacas

Photo courtesy of The Alpacas Of Spring Acres

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 5

Strengthening a Growing Industry

Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA)

T he North American alpaca industry formally began in 1988 with just 87 members and fewer than 400 animals. From those early beginnings, the industry has grown into a thriving community. In January 2014, the Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association and Alpaca Registry, Inc. merged to form the Alpaca Owners Association (AOA). This created one unified national breed association to serve alpaca owners and farms across North America. Today, AOA represents alpaca owners across the United States and Canada. With around 2,000 active members and more than 290,000 registered alpacas, AOA manages the

world’s premier pedigree registry, show system, and judge training program. Associations around the world look to AOA as a model and often send their judges to the United States for training.  WHAT AOA PROVIDES As the national breed association, AOA delivers programs, resources, and tools that help members succeed while strengthening the entire alpaca community:  Internationally recognized pedigree registry  Judge training and certification program respected worldwide

Many alpaca breeders choose to show their best animals and fleeces at AOA's certified alpaca shows.

6 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

 AOA REGISTRY

 Comprehensive alpaca show system including certification of alpaca shows and publication of the Show System Handbook  Annual National Halter and Fleece Shows  Support for breeding and fiber programs that add value to alpaca ownership  National marketing efforts to increase awareness of alpacas and alpaca products  Marketing resources for members to promote farms, farm stores, and fiber products  Expected Progeny Differences (EPD) program to support informed breeding decisions  Educational resources for anyone seeking to learn about alpacas  Elected nine-member Board of Directors and active member committees  National office in Lincoln, Nebraska, providing support  Online library of publications, videos, and documents  Regional affiliate organizations that extend education, promotion, and fellowship locally

AOA’s Alpaca Registry is the largest and most sophisticated of its kind. Using advanced DNA technology, parentage is validated for every

alpaca submitted for registration. Once confirmed, AOA issues a certificate with complete lineage tracing back to importation and a unique identification number. Since 1998, the registry has been closed to previously unregistered alpacas and their offspring, ensuring the genetic integrity of North American herds. This safeguards members’ investments and protects the alpaca gene pool from crossbreeding with other camelids. The registry—established in 1988—remains one of the most advanced livestock databases in the world and is a cornerstone of trust and value for breeders and owners.  AOA SHOW SYSTEM With more than 70 competitions each year, AOA manages the largest alpaca show system in the world. The show system develops curriculum for judge training and certification,

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 7

Members learning and networking at the AOA National Education and Fiber Conference.

reviews and updates show rules, and oversees certification for all sanctioned shows. Recognition is an important part of celebrating excellence. Through the National High Point Award program, AOA honors farms and alpacas for achievements in breeding and fiber each year.  NATIONAL MARKETING PROGRAM AOA manages a strong national marketing campaign designed to raise awareness of alpacas, alpaca fleece, and alpaca products. Supported by staff and member volunteers and overseen by the Board of Directors, these efforts help expand markets and open doors for farms of every size.  AOA COMMITTEES AOA’s committees allow members to shape the future of the industry. Each committee brings together expertise and passion in service of the broader alpaca community:

 Brand Council — Advises on marketing strategy and customer insights, and helps implement the national marketing plan.  Education Committee — Oversees AOA’s educational resources, including the National Education and Fiber Conference, monthly webinars, and publications.  Fiber and Fiber Products Committee — Grows awareness for alpaca fiber and products and advises on Spin-Off and Auxiliary Fiber competitions.  Government and Industry Relations Committee — Advocates for the alpaca industry with regulatory agencies and industry partners while promoting herd health and wellness.  Judge Training and Certification Committee — Coordinates judge training and certification processes.  Judges Advisory Committee — Provides professional guidance on show rules and activities.

8 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

 MOVING

 Membership Committee — Reviews membership levels and benefits, develops new membership types, and adds value for current members.  Show Rules Committee — Ensures fair and ethical show practices while maintaining a balanced system that rewards quality alpacas.  Youth Committee — Partners with affiliates, 4-H, and FFA to foster long-term engagement in the alpaca industry.  AOA REGIONAL AFFILIATES AOA’s Regional Affiliates are the local heartbeat of the industry. Affiliates host certified shows, operate fiber pools, and organize educational seminars. Membership in an affiliate also provides valuable opportunities to connect with nearby alpaca owners, creating a support network as farms grow.

THE INDUSTRY FORWARD

Whether you are an aspiring alpaca owner, a family weaving alpacas into your daily life, a student drawn to fiber arts, or a breeder with years of experience, AOA is here to guide, support, and champion your journey. Together, our members continue to build on the foundation set in 1988—ensuring alpacas remain a sustainable and rewarding part of North America’s agricultural landscape. 

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 9

www.AlpacaInfo.com 10 THINGS TO GET YOU STARTED 1 Learn about alpacas through online education.

2 Read stories from successful alpaca owners and breeders who have experience in the alpaca industry. Connect with them to learn more. 3 Search for a farm or ranch in your area to visit. 4 Search for upcoming events in your area. 5 Search for and attend an upcoming AOA Certified Show. 6 Find and network with your regional alpaca organization. 7 Subscribe to The 'Paca Post . 8 Search registered alpacas that are available for sale or stud. 9 Read the latest news from AOA. 10 Join AOA, the most respected national alpaca organization in existence!

10 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

AOA REGIONAL AFFILIATES

AAM Alpaca Association of Michigan www.mialpaca.com

MABA Maryland Alpaca Breeders Association www.marylandalpacas.org

AAWW Alpaca Association of Western Washington www.alpacawa.org

 MAPACA Mid-Atlantic Alpaca Association www.mapaca.org

(92)

ABR Alpaca Breeders of The Rockies www.alpacabreeders.org

MOPACA Midwest Alpaca Owners & Breeders Association www.mopaca.org NEAOBA New England Alpaca Owners & Breeders Association www.neaoba.org

A-OK Alpacas of Oklahoma

www.alpacasofoklahoma.com

CALPACA California Alpaca Breeders Association www.calpaca.org

PNAA Pacific Northwest Alpaca Association www.pnaa.org

CABO Carolina Alpaca Breeders and Owners www.carolinaalpacafarms.org

PAOBA Pennsylvania Alpaca Owners & Breeders Association www.paoba.org

 CABA Columbia Alpaca Breeders Association www.columbiaalpacabreeder.com (73)

EAA Empire Alpaca Association

www.empirealpacaassociation.org

TAA Tennessee Alpaca Association

www.tennesseealpacaassociation.org

GLAA Great Lakes Alpaca Association www.greatlakesalpaca.com



(108)

 TXOLAN Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico Alpaca Association www.txolan.org (Back Cover)

IAOBA Illinois Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association www.iaoba.com

SOJAA The State of Jefferson Alpaca Association www.sojaa.net

IAA Indiana Alpaca Association www.indianaalpaca.org

TSN The Suri Network surinetwork.org



(103)

IMPACA Intermountain West Alpaca Association www.impaca.org

VAOBA Virginia Alpaca Owners & Breeders Association www.vaoba.org

KAA Kentucky Alpaca Association

www.kentuckyalpacaassociation.org

 For more information, view this affiliate's advertisement in the following pages. ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 11

A Short History Alpacas North America: in

12 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

WHAT IS AN ALPACA? Alpacas are members of the camelid family. The camels with which most people are familiar are the ones with humps: the dromedary of Northern Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia, and the Bactrian camel of China and Tibet. However, there are four non-humped camelids that are indigenous to South America. Two of them, llamas and alpacas, have been domesticated for thousands of years, whereas the other two varieties, guanacos and vicuñas, continue to roam in wild herds today. People often confuse alpacas with llamas. While closely related, there are some major differences. Llamas are about twice the size of alpacas and are used primarily for packing, while alpacas are primarily raised for their fine fiber. The alpaca comes in two breed types: huacaya (pronounced wuh‑KAI‑ya) and suri (SUR‑ee). Huacayas, the more common type, account for about 85 – 90% of all alpacas. The two breed types vary primarily in terms of their fiber. Huacaya fleece is crimpy while suri fleece is silky and lustrous with pencil-locks. HISTORY OF THE ALPACA  The Ancient Days Fossil records indicate there was an alpaca-like animal that once lived in North America. Those ancient North American animals are extinct, so today the alpaca is found indigenously only in South America. The largest populations are in the countries of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile, with smaller numbers in Ecuador and Paraguay. The heaviest concentration of alpacas is near Lake Titicaca, on the border between Bolivia and Peru. The alpaca has been domesticated for a very long time, probably for thousands of years. Two native cultural groups, the Quechuas and Aymaras, are credited with first domesticating these animals. They consumed their meat, spun their fiber

into clothing, and burned their manure for fuel. Although little is known about how the Quechuas and Aymaras cared for the alpacas in those ancient times, we do know from archeological

The alpaca comes in two breed types: huacaya (top), and suri.

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 13

discoveries the alpaca played a significant role in everyday life, much like the bison did for the native people of North America.  Time of the Incas The story of the alpaca becomes much clearer beginning in the early 1400s with the formation of the Incan Empire. The Incas conquered virtually the entire western half of South America, from what are now Columbia and Ecuador in the north to Chile in the south, and to Argentina in the east. They were noted for their incredible architectural feats, evidenced by such marvels as Machu Picchu, and for their advancements in the fiber arts — accomplished primarily during a period of less than one hundred years. The Incas bestowed special religious significance on the alpaca, sacrificing alpacas to appease their gods. Primarily because of this special religious significance, the Incas separated their alpacas from llamas and other forms of livestock and segregated the herds by color. After several generations of careful husbandry by the Incas, alpacas produced more

than sixteen distinguishable fleece colors. So revered were these animals that only specially-designated couturiers were permitted to spin and weave alpaca fiber. Clothing made from alpaca was reserved exclusively for members of the royal family and highest government officials.  Devastation Under the Spaniards Unfortunately, the alpaca population was decimated during the period following the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadores in the early 1500’s. The Spaniards brought with them their European livestock — horses, goats, chickens, and sheep — particularly fine-fleeced Merino sheep. Those animals competed for scarce pasture lands and damaged the fragile terrain along the coastal and mountainous regions of Peru. European livestock also carried diseases to which the alpacas were not immune, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of alpacas.

Photo courtesy of Lizz Giordano

Preparing the offering to the Pachamama with coca leaves in Ipsaycocha. This ritual is performed before the first shearing of young alpacas.

14 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

The Spanish conquest of the Incan empire was swift. Motivated by their quest for silver and gold and by religious intolerance, the Conquistadors subjugated the native Incas and seized their land. They recognized the significant role the alpaca played in the lives of the native people. Not only did the alpaca hold great sociological and religious significance for the natives, but the alpaca sustained them as it was their primary source of food, clothing, and fuel, especially in the rural areas. The Spaniards reasoned if they could deprive the native people of their alpacas, it would be a simple matter to gain control. They slaughtered the alpacas by the millions. Peruvian historians estimate that as much as 90% of the world’s alpaca population was killed during the 1500’s. At the same time, about 80% of the native population in the rural areas also died from disease and starvation, due to the slaughter of their life sustaining alpacas. The native people who survived fled with the remnants of their alpaca herds to the harsh and remote area of the Andes called the Altiplano, a high mountain desert, ranging in elevation from approximately 10,000 to 16,000 feet (3,500– 5,000m). There, in this very dry, windy, forbidding place, they were able to take refuge with their alpacas.  Europeans Discover Alpaca Fleece The Spanish colonists, so determined to eradicate the alpaca as a symbol of idolatry, were never able to appreciate the

to suits and coats. Alpaca is regarded today by many fashion designers as a preeminent fiber with which to work, whether used by itself, or in combination with other luxury fibers such as angora, mohair, silk, or cashmere.  The Recent Struggle for Survival In the more recent past, the alpaca population again suffered enormous losses at the hands of men. Shifting economic forces in Latin America, years of drought, and fifteen years of systematic alpaca slaughter by terrorists known as Sendero Luminoso (the “Shining Path”) wreaked havoc on both the human and alpaca populations in prime alpaca growing regions. Like the Conquistadors five centuries earlier, Sendero Luminoso targeted the alpacas as the means by which they could capture and retain control over rural areas and the people who lived there. In Peru, the alpaca population may have decreased by as much as 50% in some regions from 1967 to 1992. Against this devastating economic backdrop, the governments of Bolivia, Chile, and Peru eased their restrictions against exporting alpacas to provide a source of income for the rural farmers. Breeders and importers from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States, England, and Israel were among the first to go to South America to select a few animals for importation into their countries. Not only did this present an opportunity to save the alpaca from an uncertain future in its native lands, but it also presented tremendous economic possibilities for those involved with establishing new herds in other parts of the world. When the alpacas were exported from their native lands, they were carefully screened to ensure that only healthy, vigorous, and conformationally sound animals were selected. They were transported either by ship or by plane, and kept in quarantine for several months to make sure no diseases were transmitted to existing livestock. Importations into the U.S. began on a commercial basis in 1984 and ended by a vote of industry members in 1998. Qualified animals imported during that period were issued a pedigree registration, and the North American alpaca breeding industry began. 

wonders of alpaca fiber. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Sir Titus Salt, an Englishman, made an accidental discovery in a warehouse in England. He found a bundle of alpaca fiber in a shipment of imported sheep’s wool and processed it into cloth. From this chance beginning grew a

Sir Titus Salt

new commercial enterprise. Sir Titus Salt saw in alpaca fiber the potential for making soft yarns and garments, and set about the task of modifying the equipment at his mill to accommodate the fiber. He was soon supplying luxurious alpaca cloth to the British royal family and later to the aristocracy of continental Europe. Thanks to Sir Titus, the modern world now enjoys the luxury of a wide range of alpaca products, from sweaters and scarves

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 15

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Photo courtesy of The Farm at Krystal Acres

Q: How long do alpacas live? A: Alpacas usually live 15 to 20 years. The longest documented lifespan is 28 years. Q: How are alpacas different from llamas? A: People often confuse alpacas with llamas. While closely related, they are very different. Llamas weigh 250 – 450 pounds, about twice as much as alpacas, which weigh 120 – 200 pounds. Llamas are used for packing and guarding livestock. Alpacas are raised for their soft fleece. Q: Are alpacas an “exotic species,” or are they considered simply “livestock?” A: Alpacas have been raised as domestic livestock for thousands of years. Their main product is fleece, much like sheep. Both the United States and Canada classify alpacas as livestock. Q: Are alpacas easy to care for? A: Alpacas are small and relatively easy livestock to maintain. They stand about 36 inches high at the withers (where the neck and spine meet) and weigh between 120 and 200 pounds. Like other livestock, alpacas need basic

shelter and protection from heat and foul weather. Good nutrition is essential for healthy animals. Hay, minerals, and fresh, clean water should be available at all times. Many owners also provide a nutritional supplement. Under a veterinarian’s direction, alpacas need vaccinations, preventive medication, and deworming. They also require yearly shearing to stay cool in the summer. Alpacas do not have hooves; instead, they have two toes with hard toenails on top and a soft pad underneath. Their padded feet minimize pasture impact. To maintain comfort and proper alignment, their toenails should be trimmed as needed. Q: How much space does it take to raise an alpaca? A: Alpacas are environmentally friendly and require less pasture and food than other livestock. Stocking density affects the health of the animal, so owners are encouraged to carefully assess their space. Vegetation, access to food and water, and shelter are factors that influence the amount of space needed. Consult your local agricultural authorities and breeders for specific recommendations in your area.

16 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

Q: What do alpacas eat? A: Alpacas mainly eat grass or hay. They consume approximately two pounds per 125 pounds of body weight. That is approximately 1.5% of the animal’s body weight daily in hay or fresh pasture. Grass hay is recommended. Alfalfa can be fed sparingly. Many owners feed higher rates of alfalfa to alpacas that are skinny or live in very cold temperatures. Alpacas are pseudo-ruminants, with a single stomach divided into three compartments. They produce rumen, chew cud, and process modest amounts of food efficiently. Many alpacas (especially pregnant and lactating females) will benefit from nutritional and mineral supplements, depending on local conditions. Commercial alpaca and llama feeds are available, but consult your veterinarian for the right diet in your area. Fresh water must always be provided. Alpacas have two sets of teeth for processing food. They have molars in the back of the jaw for chewing cud. In the front, alpacas have teeth on the bottom only and a hard gum (known as a dental pad) on the top for crushing grain, grass, or hay. Unlike goats and sheep, which have long tongues that can rip plants out of the ground, alpacas have short tongues and nibble only the tops of grasses and other plants. This causes less damage to pastures. They may also browse shrubs or trees, so owners must prevent them from eating harmful plants. Q: What do I need by way of shelter and fencing? A: Shelter needs vary depending on weather and local predators. As a rule, alpacas require at least a three-sided shelter to escape summer heat and winter wind or snow. They prefer good ventilation, and many owners find that large overhangs are used more often than enclosed barns. Fencing design depends on predator threats. Openings must be the correct size to prevent alpacas from catching their necks or legs. Q: Can alpacas thrive in locations with very hot or very cold climates? A: Generally, yes. Alpacas are resilient animals and adapt well to both extremes. In hot, humid climates, owners must take extra precautions to prevent heat stress. These

include shearing fleeces early in the year, providing fans and ventilation in barns, and offering cool, fresh water for drinking.

Q: Are alpacas clean animals? A: Yes. They are much cleaner than most

livestock. Alpacas have little odor and attract fewer flies in summer than other animals. They often defecate in communal dung piles—usually three or four in a pasture. This makes cleanup easier, lowers the chance of parasites, and improves overall herd hygiene. Q: Do alpacas make noise? A: Alpacas are very quiet, docile animals that make a minimal amount of sound. They do make a humming sound as a means of communication or to express concern or stress. Most communication between alpacas is nonverbal. Occasionally you will hear a shrill “alarm call,” which usually means they have spotted something

Photo courtesy of Cedar & Sage Alpacas

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 17

of age, which can cause injury to both humans as well as other alpacas. Alpacas will reflexively kick with a hind leg, particularly if surprised from behind. While the impact of an alpaca kick is not on par with a horse, it can create a bruise. Also, there is potential for toenails to cut skin. As with all livestock, owners and visitors should use common sense and a degree of caution when working around alpacas. People working with alpacas should wear long pants and shoes or boots that have traction and cover the whole foot. Proper handling of alpacas, as well as all camelids, requires humans gaining their trust by using a calm voice and light restraint. Handling alpacas for herd husbandry is best taught to novice alpaca owners by experienced owners or experts. Q: Is it okay to have just one alpaca? A: No. Alpacas have very strong herd instincts and need the companionship of other alpacas to thrive. They should be kept in herds, preferably three or more. Alpacas are livestock and should not be treated as house pets. Alpacas should be kept with their own sex. One exception is that male crias stay with their mothers until weaning. Gelded males should not be housed with females, as they may repeatedly attempt to breed them. This can lead to serious health consequences for the females. A: Alpaca reproduction is unique, especially compared to other livestock. Female alpacas are induced ovulators, meaning they don't have visible heat cycles or discharge. Instead, ovulation happens as a result of mating, which makes tracking their reproductive cycle more difficult — but it also allows them to conceive at any time of year. To control breeding, most alpaca breeders keep males and females in separate herds. This allows them to choose which animals to breed and when. For example, many breeders avoid late-term pregnancies during extreme weather — like the coldest winter months or hottest parts of summer. Because ovulation depends on mating, artificial insemination (AI) is more challenging with alpacas than with other livestock. Q: How does alpaca reproduction differ from other livestock?

Photo courtesy of Red Granite Ranch, Ltd.

of concern and are warning others in the herd. The concern may be a predator, or something they are not familiar with, like a cow or horse in a neighboring field. Male alpacas also “serenade” females during breeding with a guttural, throaty sound called “orgling.” Q: Do alpacas spit? A: Yes. All camelids spit as a means of negative communication. Alpacas may spit when competing for food. Also, they often spit at one another during squabbles within the herd (usually involving two or more males). Occasionally, they spit at people on purpose. It is more common that people get caught in the crossfire between alpacas. Learning to read their behavior helps avoid these situations. Q: Are alpacas dangerous? A: No. Alpacas are pleasant to be around and generally easy to handle. Alpacas do not head-butt. They do not have

horns or hooves like other livestock. They move gracefully and adroitly about the field and are therefore unlikely to run into or over anyone intentionally. Males develop sharp fighting teeth at about three years

18 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

Q: Does the birthing require human assistance? A: In most cases, crias are born without intervention and usually during daylight hours. A cria normally weighs between 15 and 19 pounds and is typically standing and nursing within 90 minutes of birth. The cria continues nursing for about six months until it is weaned. New owners are encouraged to prepare for births by reading about the process and keeping necessary supplies on hand. Q: What about the fleece? A: Finer grades of alpaca fleece are believed to be hypoallergenic, as they’re less likely to trigger allergic reactions. Unlike sheep’s wool, alpaca fleece contains no lanolin, which means it requires only minimal cleaning before spinning. Known for its silky texture and luxurious “handle,” alpaca fleece is highly sought after by both cottage-industry artisans (hand spinners, knitters, weavers, etc.) and commercial fashion designers. Alpaca fleece comes in a wide variety of natural colors. Sixteen are officially recognized—including white, beige, and various shades of fawn, brown, black, and gray—with many subtle variations in between. White, light fawn, and light gray fleece take dye easily, offering a full spectrum of color options for fiber artists. Blending alpaca fleece with other fine fibers such as merino wool, cashmere,

There are two main breeding methods: pen breeding and pasture breeding. • Pen breeding (also called "hand breeding") involves placing a male and female together in a small enclosure. If the female isn’t already pregnant, she usually accepts the male. After the first breeding, the pair is reintroduced a few days later. If the female has ovulated and conceived, she will reject the male by "spitting off"—a common early sign of pregnancy. An ultrasound a few weeks later can confirm it. • Pasture breeding (or "field breeding") means putting one male with one or more females in a larger area for several days or weeks. While this method can help females that struggle to conceive, it’s not ideal for regular use. It makes it harder to know exactly when conception occurred and when the cria (baby alpaca) will be born. Q: How long is the gestation period? A: The gestation period for alpacas typically lasts around 11 months (about 340 days) but can extend up to 12 or even 12.5 months. Most females are ready to be rebred within three to four weeks after giving birth. Q: How many offspring do alpacas have at one time? A: Females nearly always give birth to a single cria (KREE’-ah), although twin births also do occur on rare occasions.

Photo courtesy of The Alpacas of Spring Acres

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 19

mohair, silk, bamboo, or angora can result in exceptionally beautiful and unique yarns. Q: What are alpacas used for? A: Alpacas are raised for their soft and luxurious fleece (fiber). Each shearing produces roughly five to ten pounds of fleece per animal, per year. This fleece, often compared to cashmere, can be turned into a wide array of products from yarn and apparel to tapestries and blankets. The fleece itself is recognized globally for its fineness, softness, light weight, durability, excellent thermal qualities, and luster. There are a number of business models that alpaca farmers have developed: • Breeding and selling seedstock: This requires excellent genetics and sound breeding programs that will result in breeding quality animals that can then be sold to new and existing alpaca farms. • Fiber-focused breeding programs: This model focuses on breeding and raising alpacas that can produce high quality fleece that can then be sold or processed into end product. • Artisans: Some alpaca farmers use the fleece to produce products by hand, through spinning, weaving, or

knitting. They may sell this work either on their farm, in retail stores, or online. • Agritourism: Various forms of agritourism have been successful for alpaca farmers, including overnight stays, day trips and tours, and special event venues. Most include an educational component to teach visitors about alpacas, their fiber, and potential for alpaca farming. Alpaca owners are encouraged to develop a business plan and revise it regularly. Q: Are alpacas easy to train? A: Alpacas are very intelligent and relatively easy to train. The best time to begin training is when they’re young, so they become comfortable wearing a halter and learn to follow on a lead. Many owners also enjoy teaching them to navigate obstacle courses. Some even compete in shows where alpacas walk over, through, and around obstacles — and jump small hurdles. It’s also helpful to train alpacas to ride in a trailer or van in case they need transportation to a show, another farm, or the vet. Alpacas typically travel well, as they naturally cush (lie down with their legs folded beneath them) during transport. However, never tie up an alpaca while it’s traveling. Q: Can I keep alpacas with other livestock? A: Alpacas can live alongside other livestock, but certain factors must be considered. First, determine whether other animals pose a physical threat to the alpacas. Then, consider whether emotional or physical stress could result from cohabitation. Lastly, be aware of any parasites or diseases that may be shared between alpacas and other livestock species. Thoughtful management can allow for successful mixed-species farming, but careful planning is essential.

20 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

Photo courtesy of Lucky Us Farm

Q: Do I need to purchase a registered alpaca? A: In short — yes. Anytime you invest money, it’s wise to take every step to protect the value of that investment. Purchasing registered alpacas helps ensure that. Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA) operates the largest alpaca pedigree registry in the world. While it serves international clients, its core services — pedigree registration and member support — are focused in the United States and Canada. AOA is one of the few livestock registries that require every registered animal to be DNA validated against its parents. As a result, buyers place a higher value on AOA-registered alpacas. Q: How much does an alpaca cost? A: Registered alpacas can cost anywhere from several hundred to tens of thousands of dollars. Price depends on quality, genetics, age, and gender. Whether for fiber, breeding, or agritourism, it’s important to choose animals that fit your goals. Q: Do people eat alpacas? A: Alpaca meat can be consumed if the animal has not recently received medications and all veterinary withdrawal guidelines have been followed. While alpaca meat is safe when handled properly, it is not a primary product in North

America due to economic factors. It is more commonly eaten in South America, where alpacas are raised in part for meat. In the United States, the USDA has not yet developed formal guidelines for processing alpaca meat, which limits its commercial viability. Q: Are there organized exhibitions and competitions for alpacas? A: Yes. Numerous alpaca shows are held across North America where owners can exhibit their animals and fleeces. AOA certifies regional shows throughout the United States, administers the official rules, trains judges, and supports these events. It also hosts the annual National Halter and Fleece Shows. Q: What is the long term outlook for the market for alpaca fleece? A: Alpaca fiber is valued worldwide as a luxury fiber. This fiber is converted into clothing and accessories that consumers equate with superior quality. Combine this with a well defined marketing program for all aspects of the alpaca industry, and you get a stable and robust industry. 

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 21

Alpacas: A Labor of Love

Photo courtesy of Eric Lorince, Chris Barty

22 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

T he best way to to experience the joy of owning alpacas is to visit the farms and ranches of people already in the business. Alpaca owners are welcoming and eager to share their knowledge and animals with visitors. Each breeder has a unique approach and philosophy, and you can learn something from every farm you visit. Over time, you’ll begin to see what kind of role you want to play in the alpaca industry and at what level. An important first step is to join Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA). Several membership levels are available to fit your needs. Even the most

 Purchasing Your Alpacas Once you decide to raise alpacas, the number you start with depends on your long-term goals. If you want a few fiber animals, the initial investment is minimal. If your goal is to breed and sell alpacas, think about how large you want your herd to be in five or ten years, and purchase what you can reasonably afford to begin that journey.

Research is the first and most

important step when starting a livestock business.

Quality is as important as quantity. The animals you buy first will become your foundation herd, shaping your future sales and breeding program. Consider your available capital, tax situation, land, time, and help before you begin. A thoughtful plan at the start will save challenges later.  Adequate Planning No business succeeds without a plan. Thomas and Connie Betts of Cascade Alpacas of Oregon credit a detailed business plan for their success. “People who expect to succeed in this livestock industry must run it like the business that it is,” said Connie. “Stay focused on your goals, pay attention to cash flow, and don’t go into debt if things don’t go as planned.”

basic paid membership allows you to research alpacas, verify ownership before purchasing, and access educational and networking resources that can guide your journey.  Deciding to Own Alpacas Whether the focus is breeding stock or fleece, alpaca business owners understand and embrace the work that goes into running their operations. The alpaca industry has become a well-rooted part of North American agriculture, built by people who didn’t expect to get rich quick but were willing to put in the time and effort. Many have built successful, sustainable businesses, but as with any venture, research and hard work remain essential. Research is the first and most important step when starting a livestock business. Visiting farms helps prospective owners learn the daily responsibilities and specific care alpacas require. You can also learn by attending alpaca shows and educational events. AOA’s national show system promotes excellence in breeding, fiber quality, and animal welfare. Shows provide valuable feedback from certified judges, create opportunities for breeders to compare animals, and help build public awareness of alpacas and their products. They’re also excellent networking opportunities, connecting new and experienced owners from across the country and around the world.

The Bettses earned back their initial investment within two years and have grown steadily ever since. Their focus on fiber and boarding services—rather than relying primarily on alpaca sales—has made their operation

sustainable. “Because we stayed on track with our mission, we’re now known for the fineness of our fiber,” said Connie. “We often run out of yarn before the season ends.”

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 23

Photo courtesy of Legendary Alpacas of Texas

24 | ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026

Be prepared for change. Beth Osborne of The Alpaca Hacienda in Temecula, California, originally entered the alpaca industry concentrating solely on the breeding of high-end breed stock. Osborne's focus today is to be an asset to her community by providing jobs, hosting community events and tours, and providing community service hours to high school students. Osborne also concentrates on her farm store where she sells handcrafted alpaca fiber products. She also cares for alpacas other owners board at her ranch, which provides additional income.

A O A , headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska, serves as the national livestock association for

Everything about the care of any livestock is easier when you have help and support to guide you.

alpacas in North America. As the largest alpaca association in the world, AOA facilitates the expansion of a strong and sustainable alpaca industry through the tracking of bloodlines, registration and transfer of alpacas, Expected Progeny Differences (EPD) program, national educational outreach, the national show system, marketing, public relations, and its highly respected judges training program.  A Labor of Love Owning alpacas is as rewarding as it is demanding. Feeding, cleaning pastures, maintaining fencing and shelters, checking animal health, and assisting with births all require time and dedication. Alpaca farming supports American-made production. Farms create local jobs, produce renewable fiber, and operate without government subsidies. Alpacas are gentle on the land and easy on fencing, making them a safe livestock option for families and children. For many owners, it’s more than a business—it’s a way of life rooted in care, connection, and sustainability. 

"I have built a family of boarders and we gather at the farm for felting days, where we create items to sell in the store," said Osborne. "We've begun making nuno scarves, which shoppers have come to expect. Around the holidays, they sell like hotcakes!"

 Becoming Part of an Agricultural Community

Joining organizations focused on the alpaca and livestock industry offers countless resources to help ensure a successful alpaca ownership. Alpaca Owners Association, Inc. (AOA),

regional affiliates, FFA, 4-H, State Farm Bureaus, County and State Visitors Associations, and County Agricultural Extension offices can provide access to local resources. Check your state for your own associations. Everything about the care of any livestock is easier when you have help and support to guide you in the proper direction instead of reinventing the wheel on your own.

People who expect to succeed in this livestock industry must run it like the business that it is. Connie Betts, Oregon alpaca breeder

Photo courtesy of Julie Van Meter

ALPACA OWNERS GUIDE 2025/2026 | 25